Viruses are the smallest of organisms, yet given that they account for at least a third of presentations in the doctors clinic, they must be well understood by medical students and practitioners alike. Collier and Oxford's Human Virology presents this complex and rapidly evolving subject with notable clarity and topicality.
The first part of the text deals with the general principles of virology, including the properties of viruses, replication and genetics, along with disease and resistance. This is followed by chapters dedicated to specific groups of viruses, then special syndromes associated with susceptible groups. The final part of the book is reserved for practical aspects of virology, including diagnosis, control measures and anti-viral therapies.
The authors intent is not to turn their readers into virologists, but rather to provide them with enough knowledge of the nature of viruses and viral infections to serve as an essential foundation for clinical involvement with the subject. By providing a concise but comprehensive account of the fascinating subject of virology, this text is ideal for students of medecine, dentistry, microbiology, nursing and the biological sciences.
This latest edition has been extensively updated and incorporates many new diagrams, accompanied by the introduction of full colour presentation. The importance of viruses has demanded a fresh appreciation in recent years, providing opportunity for this edition to include coverage of:
PART 1 General principles
1 Virology: How it all began
1 Introduction
2 How viruses were discovered
3 How they were grown in the laboratory
4 Sizes and shapes
5 Replication
6 The control of viral diseases
7 Conclusions
2 General properties of viruses
1 Introduction
2 The architecture of viruses
3 Classification of viruses
4 Nomenclature of viruses
5 The range of diseases caused by viruses
6 Reminders
3 Viral replication and genetics
1 Introduction
2 The molecular biology of the mammalian cell
3 Virus infection and replication in a host cell
4 Virus assembly, release from the host cell, and maturation
5 Genetic variation of viruses
6 Reminders
4 How viruses cause disease
1 Introduction
2 Viral factors: pathogenicity and virulence
3 Interactions between viruses and host cells
4 The spread of viruses in the host
5 Patterns of disease
6 Shedding of virus from the host
7 How infectious is a virus?
8 Reminders
5 Resistance to virus infections
1 Introduction: innate and adaptive immunity
2 General factors in resistance
3 Local non-speciÞc defences
4 The adaptive immune system
5 T cells and cell-mediated immunity
6 Harmful immune responses
7 Resistance and recovery
8 Reminders
6 Viruses and cancer in humans
1 Historical note
2 General features of viral oncogenesis
3 Viral oncogenes
4 Cellular oncogenes
5 Indirect mechanisms
6 Viruses implicated in cancers of humans
7 Reminders
7 Viruses and the community
1 Introduction
2 DeÞnitions
3 What use is epidemiology?
4 Epidemiological methods
5 Serological epidemiology
6 Factors in the spread of viral infections
7 Herd immunity
8 Hospital-acquired infections
9 The periodicity of epidemics
10 Control measures
11 Reminders
PART 2 Special infections
8 Upper respiratory tract and eye infections due to adenoviruses, coronaviruses
(including SARS CoV), and rhinoviruses
1 Introduction
2 Adenoviruses
3 Coronaviruses
4 Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
5 Rhinoviruses
6 Reminders
9 Childhood infections caused by paramyxoviruses
1 Introduction
2 Properties of the Paramyxoviridae
3 Clinical and pathological aspects of paramyxovirus infections
4 Reminders
10 Orthomyxoviruses and inßuenza
1 Introduction
2 Properties of the orthomyxoviruses
3 Clinical and pathological aspects
4 Prevention and cure
5 Reminders
11 Gastroenteritis viruses
1 Introduction
2 Rotaviruses
3 Adenoviruses
4 Calciviruses
5 Astroviruses
6 Laboratory diagnosis
7 Reminders
12 Rubella: postnatal infections
1 Introduction
2 Properties of the virus
3 Clinical and pathological aspects
4 Reminders
13 Parvoviruses
1 Introduction
2 Properties of the virus
3 Clinical and pathological features
4 Reminders
14 Poxviruses
1 Introduction
2 Properties of the virus
3 Clinical and pathological aspects of smallpox
4 Other poxvirus infections
5 Reminders
15 Papovaviruses
1 Introduction
2 Properties of the viruses
3 Clinical and pathological aspects of papillomavirus infections
4 Clinical and pathological aspects of polyomavirus infections
5 Reminders
16 Poliomyelitis and other picornavirus infections
1 Properties of the viruses
2 Clinical and pathological aspects
3 Control measures
4 Reminders
17 The herpesviruses: general properties
1 ClassiÞcation
2 Morphology
3 Genome
4 Polypeptides
5 Antigens
6 Replication
7 Reminders
18 The alphaherpesviruses: herpes simplex and varicella-zoster
1 Herpes simplex viruses
2 Varicella-zoster virus
3 Herpesvirus B
4 Reminders
19 The betaherpesviruses: cytomegalovirus and human herpesviruses 6 and 7
1 Cytomegalovirus
2 Human herpesviruses types 6 and 7
3 Reminders
20 The gammaherpesviruses: Epstein/Barr virus and Kaposi's
sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
1 Epstein/Barr virus
2 Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
3 Reminders
21 Introduction to the hepatitis viruses
sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
1 Hepatitis A
2 Hepatitis B and deltavirus
3 Hepatitis C
4 Other hepatitis viruses
22 The blood-borne hepatitis viruses B and delta
1 Properties of hepatitis B virus
2 Clinical and pathological aspects of hepatitis B virus infections
3 Properties of delta virus
4 Clinical and pathological aspects of hepatitis delta virus infections
5 Reminders
23 The enteric hepatitis viruses A and E
1 Properties of hepatitis A virus
2 Clinical and pathological hepatitis A virus infections
3 Reminders
4 Properties of hepatitis E virus
5 Clinical and pathological aspects of hepatitis E virus infections
6 Reminders
24 The bloodborne hepatitis ßaviviruses
1 Properties of hepatitis C virus
2 Clinical and pathological aspects of hepatitis C virus infections
3 The GBV viruses
4 Reminders
25 Retroviruses and AIDS
1 Introduction
2 Properties of HIV
3 Clinical and pathological aspects of HIV
4 The discovery of other human retroviruses: HTLV-I and HTLV-II
5 Reminders
26 Lyssavirus and rabies
1 Introduction
2 Properties of the virus
3 Clinical and pathological aspects
4 Reminders
27 Arthropod-borne viruses
1 Introduction
2 Properties of the viruses
3 Clinical and pathological aspects of arbovirus infections
4 Reminders
28 Exotic and dangerous infections: Þloviruses, arenaviruses, and hantaviruses
1 Introduction
2 Filoviruses
3 Arenaviruses
4 Hantaviruses
5 Risk categories
6 Reminders
29 Prions and the spongiform encephalopathies
1 Prion diseases
2 What are prions?
3 Pathogenesis and pathology
4 Laboratory diagnosis
5 Safety measures
6 The great bovine spongiform encephalopathy outbreak
7 Reminders
PART 3 Special syndromes
30 Viral diseases of the central nervous system
1 Acute infections (Group 1)
2 Acute postexposure syndromes (Group 2)
3 Chronic infections (Group 3)
4 Laboratory diagnosis
5 Reminders
31 Intrauterine and perinatal infections
1 Pathogenesis
2 Fetal immunity
3 SpeciÞc infections
4 Reminders
32 Viral infections in patients with defective immunity
1 Introduction
2 Primary immunodeÞciencies
3 Acquired immunodeÞciencies secondary to other diseases and their treatment
4 Some special problems
5 Diagnosis and treatment
6 Reminders
33 Respiratory infections
34 Sexually transmitted viral infections
35 Resurgent and emergent viral infections
1 Introduction
2 Factors favouring the resurgence of old enemies
3 The emergence of new enemies
4 Reminders
PART 4 Practical aspects
36 The laboratory diagnosis of viral infections
1 Introduction
2 Collecting and sending clinical specimens to the laboratory
3 Rapid diagnostic methods
4 Virus isolation in cell cultures
5 Detection of antiviral antibodies
6 Reminders
37 Control of viral diseases by immunization
1 The technology and practicalities of virus vaccine production and development
2 Virus vaccines and public health
3 Passive immunization
4 New approaches to vaccine development
5 Reminders
38 Antiviral chemotherapy
1 Points of action of antivirals in the virus life cycle
2 The use of antivirals: general considerations
3 Herpes infections
4 Inßuenza
5 HIV infections
6 Interferons
7 The future
8 Reminders
Appendices
A Safety precautions: codes of practice, disinfection, and sterilization
1 Introduction
2 The clinical phase
3 The laboratory phase
4 Further reading
B Viral infections notiÞable in the UK
C Suggestions for further reading
General virology
Immunology
Index
